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A research study co-authored by Allison for The Fraser Institute, Ontario Private Schools: Who Chooses Them and Why, was released in May 2007. Among the most striking findings: A significant number of parents who send their children to private school never attended private school themselves. "They're making a deliberate choice."

Parents often transfer their children from the public to the private system for high school, Allison notes, to prepare them for university. Private high schools tend to focus on university preparation, providing many academic supports to help students excel, Allison says. Many private secondary schools embrace the slogan "The university of your choice," often highlighting the percentage of graduates accepted by their preferred universities, he says.

Middle school is another key entry point. "Parents most often list social and safety reasons for choosing private education at this stage," Allison says. Parents worry that children will choose inappropriate peer groups and be led astray as they approach their teens. "Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time. You find that parents make the move to private education now because they have a sense that their children will have greater supervision, there will be more discipline and they will be better looked after than in the public system," Allison points out.

Some parents do enrol their children in private school early on, stating that they want to lay a strong foundation for learning right from the start. Allison thinks the average 4-year-old will thrive in most schools or preschools because young children have a natural love of learning about the world around them and a strong desire to make social connections.

However, by around Grade 3 or 4, some children begin to get turned off learning, particularly in large classes, Allison says. "And it becomes more meaningful to switch a child to a private school if parents feel their child's needs aren't being adequately met."

At whatever stage parents make the choice, Allison says good private schools have been shown to offer children advantages in several areas.

• Small classes
• Less bureaucracy, greater agility
• Strong communication between teachers and parents
• Accountability
• "On average, private school classes are smaller and teachers are likely to know their students better. There is a much better chance of teachers understanding each child in the classroom as an individual and reacting accordingly," Allison says.

The professor also notes that private schools find it easier to institute change or adapt. "Private schools are agile and nimble, and they can react quickly to circumstances without having to go through a large bureaucracy to get approval."

Allison has also found strong communication between private school teachers and parents. That's partly because schools are generally smaller and partly because parents often have a strong attachment to the private school they have chosen for their children, Allison adds.

As well, the client and service-provider relationship parents have with private schools supports communication and accountability. "Parents are buying a service and private schools are accountable for the quality of education they offer."