The big picture on Passages Centre for Self-Directed Learning
We summarized the school ourselves
Passages Centre for Self-Directed Learning stands out as an alternative centre for its commitment to empowering students with a passion for learning and a sense of autonomy and community participation. At the heart of the centre’s approach is personalized, interest-based learning, guided by one-on-one mentorship and coaching. The centre operates with a flexible schedule from Monday to Thursday and prioritizes a supportive community environment that affirms neurodiversity and inclusivity. A key feature of Passages is its democratic, youth-run community meetings, which allow students to voice concerns and participate in decision-making processes. Classes and workshops are student-driven, which gives students the chance to develop their sense of autonomy and active engagement. Embracing the Sudbury Valley and Summerhill educational philosophies, the centre aims to provide a safe space where students can thrive. Recently, the centre moved to a larger facility in East Toronto, enhancing its community spaces and introducing a Passages Restoration Circle for conflict resolution. The centre is committed to maintaining a small, close-knit community.
We questioned the school adminstration
1. Who are you, as a school?
"For youth aged 10-18 who are struggling with the demands of school, Passages is a place to reconnect with their love of learning and join a community where their voice matters. We offer a personalized education with one-on-one mentorship, classes and coaching to support our self-directed learners who are following their interests and participating in our diverse, democratic community. Our approach allows young people to honour their needs, pursue their passions and forge their own unique path to the future."
Self-directed approach that empowers learners to make educational choices to reach their goals
1:1 mentoring and coaching for academics, social support and planning for the future
A personalized education plan, weekly 1:1 meetings to nurture momentum and document learning
Dynamic schedule with clubs, classes, speakers, and field trips for learners to opt into
Youth-run democratic community that gives each learner a say in decisions at the Centre
Focus on civil discourse, conflict resolution, listening, speaking, and sociocratic decision-making
Flexible attendance to support learners’ individual needs. No compulsory classes, tests or grades.
Support with alternative paths to education after Passages
Robust parent support for understanding and fostering the self-directed approach
2. What do you do differently and uniquely well?
"As a democratic school in the tradition of Summerhill School and Sudbury Valley School, Passages holds a youth-led Weekly Community Meeting. This meeting engages learners in...(more)
"As a democratic school in the tradition of Summerhill School and Sudbury Valley School, Passages holds a youth-led Weekly Community Meeting. This meeting engages learners in democratic processes through youth-generated proposals and decision-making. Meetings build skills like public speaking, civil discourse, and problem-solving. These meetings set a tone of respect, collaboration and safety.
A personalized education is the core of Passages. We respect our learners' unique needs, interests and ways of being. Adult mentors are always present and supporting youth in the centre. We also host 1:1 weekly mentoring meetings. This is a time for learners to reflect and share challenges and achievements, roadblocks and breakthroughs, goals and action plans. Mentors assist in creating schedules and timelines, making step-by-step plans, finding outside resources and listening to dreams. This personal attention builds confidence, supports motivation and empowers learners to keep growing."
3. What tradeoffs has your school made to serve families in this way?
"Many young people who join us feel the traditional model of education has not met their needs. They may be highly creative, gifted/2E, have a strong sense of justice and a need...(more)
"Many young people who join us feel the traditional model of education has not met their needs. They may be highly creative, gifted/2E, have a strong sense of justice and a need for autonomy. At Passages, we empower these youth to take the reins of their education. With information now so readily available, a truly relevant education is one that focuses on the real-world skills of communication, problem-solving, collaboration, and making meaningful choices that align with one's goals. To this end, there are no compulsory classes, exams or grades. All of our programming is optional. While learners are supported to do high school credits if they desire, our goal is to preserve or rejuvenate their deep love of learning and curiosity and to respect their chosen paths. Part of our mentorship is working with young people to create this path which can take many forms. There is no one right way to learn and our Centre is here to support those youth who need an education as unique as they are."
4. What key junctures in your school's history have most shaped its present?
"Inspired by the philosophies of Sudbury Valley School and Summerhill School, Passages opened in 2020 with one student and we have grown to reach over 50 families these last 5...(more)
"Inspired by the philosophies of Sudbury Valley School and Summerhill School, Passages opened in 2020 with one student and we have grown to reach over 50 families these last 5 years.
In 2021, we welcomed our first intern and have since hosted students interns from Laurier Masters of Social Work, GBC Child and Youth Care, GBC Social Service Worker and York University Teacher Education Program.
We are grateful for funding from Telus in 2023 and 2024 to support our LGBTQ Skittles Club. Canada Post and MLSE have also funded our Health and Wellness programs.
In 2023, we welcomed our second full-time staff member. We also found a larger home in the Danforth Village. Surrounded by a bustling community, with access to the Don Valley greenspaces and an in-house kitchen, art studio, gymnasium and vintage bowling alley, our new space promotes exploration, variety, community and also provides quiet spaces.
This year, we hired our first alumnus to support our learners."
5. What type of student is a good fit for your school?
"As the Passages community has grown, we see that some of the young people who join us are neurodiverse. Some others struggle with their mental health. Some identify with the...(more)
"As the Passages community has grown, we see that some of the young people who join us are neurodiverse. Some others struggle with their mental health. Some identify with the 2SLGBTQ+ community. Some have been bullied or had other adverse experiences. There's a reason why some youth don't fit in the traditional system, and Passages provides a true alternative for those needing something different.
Passages is not for every family, but when families are struggling with school resistance and conflict over attendance, homework, tests and grades, it's a good time to consider an alternative. Our approach to education is about non-coercion and freedom so the learner can feel empowered and supported in what they want for their education.
We also have a number of learners who have been homeschooled. Families have commented that they feel we're the best of the homeschool and school world: personalized learning and support, with a community of peers also leading their own education."
6. Under what conditions would you advise a family against choosing your school?
"While we value a rich and diverse education, we do not use coercion, awards or grades to convince young people to participate in their education. We want them to be fully invested...(more)
"While we value a rich and diverse education, we do not use coercion, awards or grades to convince young people to participate in their education. We want them to be fully invested in their own goals.
We do not offer grades, credits, or a high school diploma, but we do support youth who have made the choice to get their credits or diplomas. We are about choice and autonomy, so if this is their personal desire, we will support them.
Many families who feel we aren't a fit are families who want their child to "just get through school" or to "just get your diploma." We want to preserve a love of learning and curiosity, and those two ideas are at odds when a child is forced to do homework and tests.
When families join a school like ours, where youth voices are centred, that can feel challenging since most of us come from a top-down system. Much of the work of letting go of society's pressures, expectations and judgement will also be the parent's work during their time with us."
7. To your knowledge, why do families choose your school over others?
"A regular story we hear from parents after their child has joined us is "I finally have my kid back." Many parents had witnessed the light and spark in their child dim over the...(more)
"A regular story we hear from parents after their child has joined us is "I finally have my kid back." Many parents had witnessed the light and spark in their child dim over the years as they worked through the school system. Many kids flat out refused to attend and parents felt lost as to what to do. Because we have flexible attendance, young people make the choice to come. Adults might think that because of this choice kids won't come, but the opposite happens! They get up for the day excited to join us, and they spend their days engaging in learning, having conversations, and making friends.
For many young people, simply having full choice allows them the space to reduce pressure or self-criticism and shifts their thinking toward who they want to be.
Youth at Passages become very skilled in group decision-making, empathy, planning and taking control of their education. They deepen their knowledge about themselves and what will make them successful, on their terms."
8. How would you characterize your school's image amongst the public?
"When people reflect on Passages, they often say "I wish I could have gone to this school!" This is because as adults, they see how much time they spent on information that either...(more)
"When people reflect on Passages, they often say "I wish I could have gone to this school!" This is because as adults, they see how much time they spent on information that either didn't prepare them for adulthood or wasn't relevant to their life. Once introduced to self-directed learning, they see the power of this approach, which allows one to focus on interests and strengths, creating a rich learning experience rooted in self-confidence and internal motivation.
Passages is also known as a place of healing. Many of our learners come to us struggling and unhappy. With the support of adult mentors and peers, these young people find their way back to their love of learning and being in a learning space. They grow stronger through using their voices to make choices that are right for them. This healing extends to their families. Conflicts decrease, trust grows and the communication and problem-solving skills youth learn at the Centre help them navigate their relationships at home."
9. What aspect of your school is underappreciated?
"Our focus on community is not just for the learners - parents and siblings are also included at the centre. Each week we send families a weekly update sharing stories from the...(more)
"Our focus on community is not just for the learners - parents and siblings are also included at the centre. Each week we send families a weekly update sharing stories from the week, photos, and upcoming important dates. We consider these updates a bridge between school and home, understanding that it's hard for parents to get information from their child/teen at the end of the day! These updates allow parents to start deeper conversations about what happens at the Centre.
We also offer monthly parent gatherings to discuss life and self-directed learning and to share advice on supporting learning in the home. We consider this family support to be critical. Self-directed learning is a very different approach for most people. Supporting caregivers to trust their child’s process and to see the ways that learning is always happening is crucial to our learner’s success. This holistic approach ensures that everyone feels involved, connected and informed."
10. What might families find surprising about your school?
"Parents just learning about Passages' self-directed philosophy, sometimes express concerns that their child "would play games all day". Their experience of their child may only be...(more)
"Parents just learning about Passages' self-directed philosophy, sometimes express concerns that their child "would play games all day". Their experience of their child may only be who they see at the end of a long school day or during weekends recovering. After a time of having autonomy at the centre, many young people start to take more risks, try new ideas and engage in their learning at a deeper level. This learning may not take a traditional form: conversations, impromptu experiments, solving a problem, playing a game are all valid forms learning.
On the other hand, many of our youth choose to attend Math and English classes without adult enforcement. Young people recognize that they like certain aspects of mainstream subjects but want to expand their knowledge at their own pace and depth. Once the pressure of “having to do something” is removed, it is surprising and delightful to watch interests develop naturally and to see what really motivates and energizes your child."
11. What improvements or changes has your school made recently?
"In August 2023, Passages Centre moved to the East End of Toronto on the Danforth into a larger space complete with three rooms—a common room, classroom, and art room—as well...(more)
"In August 2023, Passages Centre moved to the East End of Toronto on the Danforth into a larger space complete with three rooms—a common room, classroom, and art room—as well as a full-size gym, kitchen and an outfitted courtyard for sunny days spent working outside.
As our community has grown, so have our processes. Through youth decision-making, we created our Passages Restoration Circle (PRC), which is used for conflict resolution and group empathy building. The PRC is facilitated by learners who have been trained in mediation to support their peers through issues they may be struggling with. Staff support the facilitator in having a successful circle where young people can express their needs and come to an agreement peacefully."
12. How will your school change in the next 5 years?
"As Passages has become more established, our community has grown to include more families, volunteers and staff. This has allowed more options for our learners as they embark on...(more)
"As Passages has become more established, our community has grown to include more families, volunteers and staff. This has allowed more options for our learners as they embark on their projects within Passages, but also outwards in the surrounding community. To keep expanding these options we are working to increase volunteer opportunities for our youth, provide training in peer-support and conflict resolution for learners, and expand our job support program for graduating learners.
We are actively seeking funding to support our community members who are solo parents, as well as our BIPOC and neurodivergent youth. We are also striving to diversify our Board of Directors.
Our goal is not to become a large school, but rather the size of 40-50 learners. Should demand exceed this number, the Board has considered that a new location would open. This would be a welcomed challenge!"
Gr. 10 (current) — My daughter has benefited greatly from attending Passages. She had originally attended a TDSB high school, but given her health needs she found it difficult to regularly attend and succeed in her courses. She also found it challenging to make friends. Passages in contrast has been a "soft place" for her to land. She loves the flexibility of the school. She is able to arrive late or leave early when she has medical appts and because Fridays at Passages is a non-school day we can schedule her reoccurring appointments on this day of the week. It is also a great day to work or volunteer.
My daughter loves the flexibility Passages offers. She can follow her passions and engage with other learners who also want to pursue the same interests. Because passages doesn't separate ages, she is able as an older student to mentor younger students. For example, last year she tutored several students in math and digital art. This has been great for her self-confidence and has allowed her to make friends at the school more easily.
The mentors/teachers at Passage who support students are incredibly caring and check in with students on a daily basis to see how they are doing. The weekly individual check-in meetings ensure that my daughter stays on task and achieves the goals she has set for herself. She loves how they help support and foster her interests. For example, because of the mentors, she has learned sign language and piano. These are skills she wouldn't have likely tackled at a traditional high school.
Finally, we love that Passages is a small school in a very welcoming setting. My daughter knows all the students and mentors and feels very comfortable. We love that there are spaces to socialize and do group activities, but also spots that are quiet and allow students to focus. The kitchen, art room and gym encourage students to be creative and active. Additionally, Wednesday field trips allow students to explore the city in ways that traditional schools won't have time for. These field trips foster independence, and active learning and allow students to further engage in hands-on learning.
Gr. 6 (current) — My son finds the autonomy at the school to be very appealing. The ability to focus his time on his interests has allowed him to try out so many different learning avenues. Being able to focus on the projects he enjoys the most has been a game-changer in helping him hone new skills and abilities.
His social life has started to flourish, which has always been a struggle in conventional schooling. He has been learning conflict management through the school’s teachings, which he has also implemented successfully at home.
Overall, he is a much happier, social and creative student. This is a far cry from his frustration and disappointment with the public school system. He has found a community that accepts him and teaches him how to be an inclusive and accepting member.
Gr. 7 (current) — For my son, Passages is his community. He enrolled in the Centre when he was 11, after being homeschooled his whole life. He is autistic and, for many years, busy social environments were overwhelming for him. When he visited Passages, which was small, extremely flexible and accommodating of many kinds of differences, he immediately felt a connection. At Passages, my son feels respected, understood and validated. He feels confident to share his thoughts and to try new things. He knows that if he needs to take a break or sit something out, his needs will be respected. He loves getting to talk to the learners and mentors every day, as well as having the freedom to explore the neighbourhood. He feels a strong connection to the Centre and deeply values his time there.
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